“保持道路運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)和供應(yīng)鏈的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，對(duì)于幫助國(guó)際社會(huì)在未來(lái)幾周應(yīng)對(duì)疫情至關(guān)重要?！?月30日，國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸聯(lián)盟（IRU）秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)翁貝托·德·布雷托接受中國(guó)交通報(bào)、中國(guó)交通新聞網(wǎng)記者采訪時(shí)說(shuō)。這是他第四次接受中國(guó)交通報(bào)、中國(guó)交通新聞網(wǎng)記者的采訪，又一次強(qiáng)調(diào)了國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸?shù)闹匾浴?/span>
人員流動(dòng)和貨物運(yùn)輸都離不開(kāi)道路交通，全球幾乎所有商品生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售的某一環(huán)節(jié)都依賴于道路運(yùn)輸企業(yè)提供的服務(wù)。然而隨著新冠肺炎疫情在全球范圍蔓延，全球道路運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)受到?jīng)_擊，進(jìn)而影響國(guó)際供應(yīng)鏈。
目前，依然開(kāi)放的TIR（國(guó)際公路運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)）成為特殊時(shí)期國(guó)際供應(yīng)鏈的重要支撐。尤其是靈活、便捷、已直通亞歐27國(guó)的跨境公路運(yùn)輸，各國(guó)海關(guān)監(jiān)管互認(rèn)，沿途不開(kāi)箱，保障貨物運(yùn)輸安全的同時(shí)，能有效減少人員密切接觸，為疫情下企業(yè)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)和跨境貨運(yùn)提供有力保障。
為貿(mào)易重啟提供最佳工具
“全球近6%的就業(yè)人口從事道路運(yùn)輸相關(guān)工作，其中大部分供職于中小型企業(yè)。由于規(guī)模較小，現(xiàn)金儲(chǔ)備不足，這些企業(yè)難以從容應(yīng)對(duì)疫情等外部沖擊帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響，正面臨嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。”布雷托說(shuō)，作為代表全球350萬(wàn)家運(yùn)輸企業(yè)發(fā)聲的行業(yè)國(guó)際組織，高度關(guān)注并持續(xù)評(píng)估疫情發(fā)展對(duì)于跨境道路運(yùn)輸?shù)挠绊憽?/span>
疫情發(fā)生以來(lái)，IRU與包括國(guó)際交通論壇（ITF）、世界貿(mào)易組織（WTO）、世界銀行（World Bank）等在內(nèi)的相關(guān)國(guó)際組織保持密切溝通與合作，呼吁全球在應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情方面進(jìn)行更密切合作。
布雷托說(shuō)：“新冠肺炎疫情是一場(chǎng)全球危機(jī)，需要全球?qū)用娴男袆?dòng)。TIR提供的正是這種全球解決方案，為保障疫情期間的國(guó)際運(yùn)輸和疫情后的貿(mào)易重啟提供了最佳工具?！?/span>
在IRU及合作伙伴的呼吁下，歐盟委員會(huì)發(fā)布了關(guān)于開(kāi)通貨運(yùn)綠色通道的指南，要求車(chē)輛過(guò)境時(shí)間不得超過(guò)15分鐘；歐盟還推出了“Galileo Green”App，可查詢成員國(guó)口岸過(guò)境實(shí)時(shí)信息，目前IRU一些會(huì)員已在使用，后續(xù)將在更大范圍推廣。
為進(jìn)一步落實(shí)TIR在促進(jìn)國(guó)際供應(yīng)鏈暢通方面的作用，IRU近期還與聯(lián)合國(guó)歐經(jīng)委會(huì)（UNECE）共同致信各國(guó)海關(guān)，建議通過(guò)統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)的措施確保海關(guān)跨境通關(guān)合作，實(shí)施貨運(yùn)綠色通道，并鼓勵(lì)使用聯(lián)合國(guó)《TIR公約》及與之相關(guān)的信息化工具。
IRU攜手應(yīng)對(duì)疫情的舉措，獲得了聯(lián)合國(guó)的點(diǎn)贊。近日，聯(lián)合國(guó)在《共擔(dān)責(zé)任、全球聲援：應(yīng)對(duì)新冠疫情的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)影響》報(bào)告中，強(qiáng)調(diào)了TIR對(duì)全球貿(mào)易的重要貢獻(xiàn)，并鼓勵(lì)各國(guó)在疫情期間利用TIR及數(shù)字化解決方案，保障國(guó)際物流穩(wěn)定通暢。
聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)安東尼奧·古特雷斯表示：“TIR系統(tǒng)及其他相關(guān)工具，無(wú)需人際接觸即可實(shí)現(xiàn)電子信息交換，將便利貨物通關(guān)，此類(lèi)創(chuàng)新工具應(yīng)在各國(guó)應(yīng)用。”
積極助力我國(guó)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)
海關(guān)人員認(rèn)真核對(duì)司乘人員的《健康申明卡》后，對(duì)其進(jìn)行體溫檢測(cè)，確認(rèn)其體溫正常后，為車(chē)輛辦理了驗(yàn)放手續(xù)。滿載著紡織品、服裝和鞋的車(chē)輛在滿洲里口岸辦理了TIR出口運(yùn)輸，經(jīng)俄羅斯駛向西班牙。這是不久前發(fā)生在滿洲里口岸的一幕。
目前，中國(guó)經(jīng)中亞至歐洲的公路貨運(yùn)通道仍然開(kāi)放，俄羅斯、哈薩克斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦、烏克蘭、波蘭、拉脫維亞等國(guó)家最新防控措施中并未對(duì)跨境公路貨運(yùn)進(jìn)行限制。因此，TIR運(yùn)輸貨物還是可以正常通關(guān)運(yùn)行。
2016年7月，我國(guó)正式加入《TIR公約》。2019年6月，海關(guān)總署宣布啟動(dòng)中國(guó)全境TIR運(yùn)輸（港澳臺(tái)地區(qū)除外），TIR在我國(guó)取得跨越式發(fā)展。目前中國(guó)疫情防控形勢(shì)持續(xù)向好，TIR正積極助力我國(guó)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。
2月27日，裝載電解液的TIR車(chē)隊(duì)在阿拉山口口岸辦理了自疫情以來(lái)首票前往歐洲的TIR業(yè)務(wù)，經(jīng)哈薩克斯坦、俄羅斯、白俄羅斯，抵達(dá)波蘭：3月12日，運(yùn)輸鋰電池的TIR車(chē)輛在二連浩特口岸辦理了TIR出口運(yùn)輸……
布雷托表示，IRU愿為中國(guó)分享更多的行業(yè)抗疫與發(fā)展信息，共同促進(jìn)疫情后國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸供應(yīng)鏈暢通。希望政府鼓勵(lì)包括生產(chǎn)型企業(yè)、貿(mào)易型企業(yè)、貨運(yùn)代理企業(yè)和運(yùn)輸企業(yè)在內(nèi)的供應(yīng)鏈上下游企業(yè)參與“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家間的國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)，并為行業(yè)內(nèi)優(yōu)質(zhì)企業(yè)提供多方面的政策、資金及稅收支持，培育中國(guó)TIR運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)業(yè)的中堅(jiān)力量。
“中國(guó)政府和人民為瑞士及各國(guó)抗擊疫情貢獻(xiàn)的力量，我為此深表感謝。新冠肺炎疫情是一場(chǎng)全球性的危機(jī)，需要協(xié)調(diào)一致的解決方案，我們攜手努力，必將共克時(shí)艱。”采訪最后，布雷托告訴記者，IRU總部瑞士日內(nèi)瓦的疫情形勢(shì)目前總體在向好的方向發(fā)展，已經(jīng)進(jìn)入放寬防疫措施的第一階段。
【新聞鏈接】采訪實(shí)錄
Q1：近期，聯(lián)合國(guó)在《共擔(dān)責(zé)任、全球聲援：應(yīng)對(duì)新冠疫情的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)影響》報(bào)告中，強(qiáng)調(diào)了TIR對(duì)全球貿(mào)易的重要貢獻(xiàn)，并鼓勵(lì)各國(guó)在疫情期間利用TIR及數(shù)字化解決方案，保障國(guó)際物流穩(wěn)定通暢。TIR在新冠肺炎疫情防控期間如何進(jìn)一步凸顯運(yùn)輸優(yōu)勢(shì)的？
Recently, the United Nations emphasized the important contribution of TIR to global trade in the report "Shared Responsibility, Global Solidarity: Responding to the Socio-Economic Impact of the New Crown Outbreak", and encouraged countries to use TIR and digital solutions during the outbreak to protect international The logistics are stable and smooth. You are invited to talk about how TIR further highlights the advantages of transportation during the prevention and control of the new coronary pneumonia epidemic？
A：基于聯(lián)合國(guó)《TIR公約》的TIR國(guó)際公路運(yùn)輸，其安全可靠、靈活便捷、多邊互認(rèn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)在疫情期間進(jìn)一步凸顯，為暢通國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)、助力防疫物資運(yùn)輸、推進(jìn)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)提供了有力支撐。疫情期間使用TIR運(yùn)輸?shù)闹饕獌?yōu)勢(shì)如下：
?保障運(yùn)輸安全，提升物流效率。受益于海關(guān)監(jiān)管互認(rèn)，TIR運(yùn)輸沿途海關(guān)無(wú)特殊情況不開(kāi)箱，保障貨物運(yùn)輸安全的同時(shí)，能夠顯著提升國(guó)際物流效率；據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，使用TIR可節(jié)省最高58%的運(yùn)輸時(shí)間和38%的運(yùn)輸成本；
?減少人際接觸，降低感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。TIR運(yùn)輸能簡(jiǎn)化通關(guān)程序、降低口岸查驗(yàn)率，從而有效減少過(guò)境過(guò)程中的人際接觸，進(jìn)一步降低司乘人員和沿途工作人員的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；
?采用信息化工具，運(yùn)輸全程可追蹤。《TIR公約》相關(guān)的信息化工具，能夠記錄并追蹤TIR運(yùn)輸全程信息，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)在線數(shù)據(jù)提供和運(yùn)輸管理，為重要民生和抗疫物資運(yùn)輸保駕護(hù)航；
?全球通關(guān)系統(tǒng)，助力復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。TIR是目前唯一的全球性跨境貨運(yùn)通關(guān)系統(tǒng)，自1949年建立至今，已在全球擁有76個(gè)締約國(guó)，涵蓋了“一帶一路”沿線大多數(shù)國(guó)家?，F(xiàn)階段，中國(guó)經(jīng)中亞至歐洲的公路運(yùn)輸通道沿線各國(guó)主要過(guò)境點(diǎn)暢通。在交通和海關(guān)部門(mén)的大力支持下，TIR運(yùn)輸已在阿拉山口、霍爾果斯、二連浩特、滿洲里等重點(diǎn)口岸逐步恢復(fù)，為疫情下企業(yè)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)和跨境貨運(yùn)提供了有力保障。
The advantages of TIR, the only global transit system, managed by IRU under UN mandate, are multiple:
?Protection of drivers and customs officers as there are no physical checks or unloading/loading of cargo at borders, only at departure and arrival points
?Faster border crossing process via dedicated green lanes to allow the fast transport of essential goods and everyday supplies
?Access to paperless solutions through eTIR that offers tracking of shipments at all times, thus reducing the risk of fraud.At this stage, China's main transit points along the road transport routes from Central Asia to Europe are unblocked. With the strong support of the transportation and customs departments, TIR transportation has been gradually restored in key ports such as Alashankou, Khorgos, Erenhot, Manzhouli, etc., which provides a strong guarantee for the resumption of production and cross-border freight transportation.
Q2；近日，交通運(yùn)輸部、商務(wù)部、海關(guān)總署、國(guó)家鐵路局、中國(guó)民用航空局、國(guó)家郵政局、中國(guó)國(guó)家鐵路集團(tuán)有限公司七部門(mén)聯(lián)合發(fā)布了關(guān)于當(dāng)前更好服務(wù)穩(wěn)外貿(mào)工作的通知，疫情期間，IRU是如何保障國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸供應(yīng)鏈運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的？
Since the outbreak, IRU, as an international organisation representing the road transportation industry, has provided practical suggestions to governments, especially the Chinese government, on responding to the outbreak and its impact.
Recently, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs, the State Railway Administration, the Civil Aviation Administration of China, the State Post Bureau, and China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. jointly issued a notice on the current better service to stabilise foreign trade. During the period, how did IRU ensure the operation of the international road transportation supply chain?
A：IRU作為代表道路運(yùn)輸行業(yè)的國(guó)際組織，高度關(guān)注并持續(xù)評(píng)估疫情發(fā)展對(duì)于全球供應(yīng)鏈和道路運(yùn)輸行業(yè)的影響，并為國(guó)際社會(huì)和行業(yè)攜手應(yīng)對(duì)疫情、維持供應(yīng)鏈運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)做出積極呼吁和不懈努力：
一是致信聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)和各國(guó)政府，呼吁統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)防控措施，保障國(guó)際供應(yīng)鏈暢通，優(yōu)先關(guān)鍵物資和人員的通行，明確公布關(guān)于車(chē)輛、司機(jī)、貨物的強(qiáng)制措施等；聯(lián)合國(guó)在其近期發(fā)布的《共擔(dān)責(zé)任、全球聲援：應(yīng)對(duì)新冠疫情的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)影響》報(bào)告中，強(qiáng)調(diào)了TIR對(duì)全球貿(mào)易的重要貢獻(xiàn)，鼓勵(lì)各成員國(guó)利用TIR及數(shù)字化解決方案，以減少人際接觸，便利跨境貨物運(yùn)輸。
二是與聯(lián)合國(guó)歐洲經(jīng)委會(huì)（UNECE）合作，共同啟動(dòng)了全球過(guò)境動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)，持續(xù)為道路運(yùn)輸行業(yè)提供各國(guó)邊境口岸最新通行情況和防控政策。
三是建議歐盟開(kāi)設(shè)貨運(yùn)車(chē)輛綠色通道，靈活調(diào)整司機(jī)駕駛和休息時(shí)間，對(duì)疫情期間過(guò)期的司機(jī)及車(chē)輛證件進(jìn)行延期，為服務(wù)歐盟國(guó)家的非歐盟車(chē)輛提供過(guò)境權(quán)，為道路運(yùn)輸企業(yè)尤其是中小企業(yè)提供經(jīng)濟(jì)支持。
四是與UNECE共同致信各國(guó)海關(guān)，建議通過(guò)統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)的措施確保海關(guān)跨境通關(guān)合作，實(shí)施貨運(yùn)綠色通道，并鼓勵(lì)使用聯(lián)合國(guó)《TIR公約》及與之相關(guān)的信息化工具。
五是通過(guò)IRU全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)各國(guó)信息共享和經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流，IRU多次與國(guó)際社會(huì)分享中國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸行業(yè)抗疫期間的重要措施和積極成果，為國(guó)際社會(huì)及行業(yè)有效抗擊疫情提供有益借鑒。
自疫情爆發(fā)以來(lái)，IRU還與包括國(guó)際交通論壇（ITF）、世界貿(mào)易組織（WTO）、經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織（OECD）、國(guó)際運(yùn)輸工人聯(lián)合會(huì)（ITF）、國(guó)際雇主組織（IOE）、國(guó)際勞工組織（ILO）和世界銀行（World Bank）等在內(nèi)的相關(guān)國(guó)際組織保持密切溝通與合作，呼吁全球在應(yīng)對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情方面進(jìn)行更密切合作。
As an international organisation representing the road transportation industry, IRU pays close attention to and continuously evaluates the impact of the outbreak development on the global supply chain and road transportation industry, and makes a positive appeal and unremitting efforts for the international community and industry to work together to respond to the outbreak and maintain the supply chain operation. Some of our key activities include:
1.Calling on the Secretary-General of the United Nations, for a harmonised coordination of prevention and control measures to ensure the smooth flow of international supply chains, and prioritising the passage of essential goods and personnel.
In response, in the recently issued report "Shared Responsibility, Global Solidarity: Responding to the Socio-Economic Impact of the New Crown Outbreak.” UN SG emphasised the important contribution of TIR to global trade and encourages member states to use TIR and digital solutions to reduce interpersonal contact and facilitate cross-border goods transport;
2.Cooperating with the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), we jointly launched the global monitoring of transit, and continue to provide the road transportation industry with the latest passages and prevention and control policies of national border ports;
3.Our recommendations to a number of countries and intergovernmental organizations, included: establishing a green lanes for freight vehicles, making flexible adjustments to the driving and rest time of drivers, extending the validity of driver and vehicle certificates that expire during the epidemic, and providing financial support to road transport companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises.
4.We also sent a letter to the customs authorities of various countries together with UNECE, suggesting the adoption of unified and coordinated measures to ensure cross-border customs clearance cooperation and the implementation of green lanes for freight transport, as well as encouraging the use of the United Nations TIR Convention and related information tools.
5.Last, but not least, we made the best use of IRU’s global network to strengthen the sharing of information and expertise among countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Since the outbreak, IRU has continued to work closely with the International Transport Forum (ITF), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF), the International Employers’ Organization (IOE), the International Labour Organizations (ILO) and the World Bank, along with other relevant international organisations, to call for closer global cooperation in response to COVID-19.
Q3：疫情發(fā)生以來(lái)，IRU作為代表道路運(yùn)輸行業(yè)的國(guó)際組織，就應(yīng)對(duì)疫情及其影響向中國(guó)政府提供了哪些切實(shí)可行的建議？
What practical advice has IRU, as an international organization representing the Road Transport Industry, given to Chinese government, on the response to the epidemic and its impact since the outbreak of the disease?
A：IRU通過(guò)各個(gè)渠道向中國(guó)政府及相關(guān)部門(mén)積極建言，希望能夠得到如下支持：
?希望中國(guó)相關(guān)政府部門(mén)在疫情防控期間，能夠繼續(xù)加大對(duì)于TIR國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)的支持，給與TIR運(yùn)輸車(chē)輛諸如綠色通道等便利措施，鼓勵(lì)通過(guò)口岸接駁運(yùn)輸方式開(kāi)展TIR國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸，以期進(jìn)一步提升TIR便捷通關(guān)效能，減少人際接觸，保障運(yùn)輸疫區(qū)必需品和涉及國(guó)計(jì)民生重要物資的公路貨運(yùn)供應(yīng)鏈更為高效和安全的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；
?建議考慮出臺(tái)相關(guān)的產(chǎn)業(yè)扶持政策，鼓勵(lì)包括生產(chǎn)型企業(yè)、貿(mào)易型企業(yè)、貨運(yùn)代理企業(yè)和運(yùn)輸企業(yè)在內(nèi)的供應(yīng)鏈上下游企業(yè)參與“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家間的國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)，并為行業(yè)內(nèi)優(yōu)質(zhì)企業(yè)提供多方面的政策、資金及稅收支持，培育中國(guó)TIR運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)業(yè)的中堅(jiān)力量；
?希望能夠拓寬國(guó)際組織的政策建言及專業(yè)交流通道、充分發(fā)揮國(guó)際組織協(xié)調(diào)及平臺(tái)作用。IRU愿為中國(guó)分享更多的行業(yè)抗疫與發(fā)展信息，為中國(guó)跨境道路運(yùn)輸提供更好的專業(yè)技術(shù)支撐，積極促進(jìn)中外市場(chǎng)合作交流，建立資源對(duì)接平臺(tái)，實(shí)現(xiàn)中外企業(yè)的高效對(duì)接，共同促進(jìn)疫情后國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸供應(yīng)鏈暢通。
IRU has actively advised the Chinese government and relevant departments through various channels and hopes to receive the following support:
?Expressing the hope that the relevant Chinese authorities will continue to increase their support for TIR international road transport operations and provide facilitation measures such as green corridors for TIR transport vehicles during the outbreak control period, encouraging TIR international road transport through port-to-port transport, with a view to further enhancing the efficiency of TIR facilitation and reducing human contact, to ensure more efficient and safe operation of the road freight supply chain for the transportation of essential goods and materials related to the national economy and the people's livelihood in the epidemic areas;
?Encouraging upstream and downstream supply chain enterprises, including production-oriented enterprises, trade-oriented enterprises, freight forwarders and transport enterprises, to participate in international road transport operations between countries along the "Belt and Road" , and to provide high-quality enterprises in the industry with a wide range of policy, capital and tax support to nurture the backbone of China's TIR transport industry;
?We hope to widen the channels for policy advice and professional exchange among international organizations, and give full play to the role of coordination and platform of international organizations. IRU is willing to share more information on the anti-epidemic and development of the industry in China, provide better professional and technical support for China's cross-border road transport, actively promote cooperation and exchanges between Chinese and foreign markets, establish a platform for resource docking, and achieve efficient docking between Chinese and foreign enterprises, work together to improve international road transport supply chain after the outbreak.
Q4：受疫情影響，部分國(guó)際運(yùn)輸受阻，復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)正當(dāng)時(shí)，恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急，目前國(guó)際道路的情況和疫情發(fā)生前比較是什么樣的情況？
Affected by the epidemic, some international transportation is blocked. It is the right time to resume work and resume production. It is urgent to restore the economy. What is the current situation of international roads compared with before the outbreak?
全球?qū)用?/span>
基于IRU最新研究：
?客運(yùn)企業(yè)收入預(yù)計(jì)2020年將平均下降50%—100%。其中，城市公交客運(yùn)平均降幅約50%，定期城際客運(yùn)平均降幅最高達(dá)80%，旅游和跨境長(zhǎng)途客服降幅最高達(dá)100%。
?貨運(yùn)企業(yè)收入預(yù)計(jì)2020年將平均下降40%，盡管這一平均降幅掩蓋了運(yùn)輸食品等必需品與運(yùn)輸非必需品公司之間收入的巨大差異。
?全球近6%的就業(yè)人口從事道路運(yùn)輸相關(guān)工作，其中大部分供職于中小型企業(yè)。由于規(guī)模較小，現(xiàn)金儲(chǔ)備不足，這些企業(yè)難以從容應(yīng)對(duì)疫情等外部沖擊帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響，正面臨嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)，需要各國(guó)政府提供財(cái)稅方面的綜合支持。
Nearly 6% of the global working population is engaged in road transport-related work, most of which are employed by small and medium-sized enterprises. Due to their small scale and insufficient cash reserves, these enterprises are unable to cope with the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on their businesses. They are facing severe operational and financial stress and require comprehensive financial and taxation support from governments.
Goods transport operator revenues are expected to decline on average by 40% in 2020, although this average masks big differences between companies transporting essentials, such as food, and non-essentials.
This is why the work of international road transport needs to be resumed as soon as possible and gradual relaxation measures need to be taken in a coordinated way.
歐盟情況
?貨運(yùn)方面，自歐盟采取邊境防控措施以來(lái)，部分公路邊境出現(xiàn)阻塞，導(dǎo)致醫(yī)療和民生物資難以運(yùn)達(dá)；在IRU及合作伙伴的呼吁下，歐盟委員會(huì)發(fā)布了關(guān)于開(kāi)通貨運(yùn)綠色通道的指南，要求車(chē)輛過(guò)境時(shí)間不得超過(guò)15分鐘；歐盟還推出了“Galileo Green”App,可查詢成員國(guó)口岸過(guò)境實(shí)時(shí)信息，目前IRU一些會(huì)員已在使用，后續(xù)將在更大范圍推廣。
?客運(yùn)方面，歐盟國(guó)際長(zhǎng)途客運(yùn)和國(guó)內(nèi)客運(yùn)市場(chǎng)均受到嚴(yán)重沖擊，旅游客運(yùn)幾乎100%停擺，城際客運(yùn)下降了90%，據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，限制性措施取消后，客運(yùn)活動(dòng)將慢慢恢復(fù)，但目前由約36萬(wàn)家公司、直接雇用約200萬(wàn)人的客運(yùn)市場(chǎng)已接近停滯。
EU situation：
?In terms of freight transport, since the EU adopted border prevention and control measures, some borders have been blocked, making it difficult for medical supplies and essential goods to reach their destinations. Upon the call from IRU and its partners, the European Commission subsequently issued guidelines on opening green lanes for freight transport. These have been followed by the launch of the Galileo Green App, which gives drivers real-time information on the border-crossing situations in Europe. It is currently being tested by several IRU members and will later be scaled up to become a widely available solution to the crisis.
?In terms of passenger transport, the European Union’s international long-distance passenger transport and domestic passenger transport markets have been severely impacted. Tourist passenger transport is almost 100% suspended, and intercity passenger transport has fallen by 90%. It is predicted that after the removal of restrictive measures, passenger transport activities will slowly resume. However, at present, the passenger transport market, which employs approximately 360,000 companies and directly employs approximately 2 million people, is close to breaking point.
中國(guó)情況
?目前俄羅斯、哈薩克斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦、烏克蘭、波蘭、拉脫維亞等國(guó)家最新防控措施中并未對(duì)跨境公路貨運(yùn)進(jìn)行限制，中國(guó)至中亞及歐洲的公路貨運(yùn)通道仍然開(kāi)放，受疫情影響較小。
?在此基礎(chǔ)上，受益于各國(guó)海關(guān)監(jiān)管互認(rèn)，TIR國(guó)際公路運(yùn)輸，在保障貨物運(yùn)輸安全的同時(shí)，能夠有效減少口岸查驗(yàn)及過(guò)境過(guò)程中的人際接觸，為疫情下企業(yè)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)和跨境貨運(yùn)提供了有力保障。現(xiàn)階段，TIR運(yùn)輸已在阿拉山口、霍爾果斯、二連浩特、滿洲里等重點(diǎn)口岸逐步恢復(fù)，整體運(yùn)輸時(shí)效可能受沿途防控措施影響。
?由于各國(guó)疫情形勢(shì)不斷變化，仍存在不確定因素，IRU將持續(xù)密切關(guān)注各國(guó)陸路口岸通行動(dòng)態(tài)和相關(guān)措施，加強(qiáng)與物流與外貿(mào)企業(yè)的溝通，為T(mén)IR跨境運(yùn)輸提供保障，為國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸供應(yīng)鏈通暢運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)提供支撐。
?此外，中國(guó)道路運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)近期針對(duì)中國(guó)國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸企業(yè)的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示：與去年同期相比，2020年1月，國(guó)際道路貨運(yùn)量/周轉(zhuǎn)量及貨運(yùn)收入下降幅度不明顯。自疫情爆發(fā)以來(lái)，受?chē)?guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)疫情防控臨時(shí)措施及國(guó)際貿(mào)易量下降的影響，2020 年2月各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)下降明顯，個(gè)別地區(qū)的企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)停止。2020年3月國(guó)際道路貨運(yùn)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)降幅收窄，隨著各地復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)政策的實(shí)施，企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)有所恢復(fù)。根據(jù)相關(guān)企業(yè)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)綜合測(cè)算，2020年第一季度的國(guó)際道路貨運(yùn)量/周轉(zhuǎn)量及貨運(yùn)收入與去年同期相比平均下降在50%以上。
Situation in China:
?At present, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Poland, Latvia and other countries have not restricted cross-border road transport. The road freight route from China to Central Asia and Europe is still open and is less affected by the epidemic.
?TIR has proved an excellent tool to safeguard road transports along this route and beyond. In addition to ensuring the safe transport of cargo, it also effectively reduces face-to-face contact during customs inspection and transit, thus enabling companies to resume production and cross-border transport during the pandemic.
?IRU has been supporting this use of TIR and continues to pay close attention to the development of land border restrictions and related measures in various countries. We are doing all in our power to strengthen communication between mobility and logistics stakeholders and provide protection for TIR cross-border transports, in order to keep supply chains moving.
?The results of a recent questionnaire survey conducted by the China Road Transport Association of Chinese international road transport companies has shown that compared with the same period last year, in January 2020, the international road freight volume / turnover volume and freight revenue did not decline significantly. Nevertheless, since the outbreak of the pandemic, freight volumes and revenue have dropped significantly in February 2020 and business operations in individual regions have ceased owing to the impact of temporary international and domestic travel and border restrictions and the decline in international trade. In March 2020, the decline in international road freight-related data narrowed even further.
Overall, according to comprehensive calculations from survey data of related companies, the international road freight volume/turnover volume and freight revenue in the first quarter of 2020 decreased by an average of more than 50% compared with the same period last year.
Q5：全球幾乎所有商品生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售的某一環(huán)節(jié)都依賴于道路運(yùn)輸企業(yè)提供的服務(wù)。全球疫情形勢(shì)瞬息萬(wàn)變，對(duì)民眾日常生活、企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)和政府的影響與時(shí)俱增。IRU對(duì)此已采取哪些措施？
Almost all the production and sales of commodities in the world depend on the services provided by road transportation enterprises. The global epidemic situation is changing rapidly, and its impact on the daily life of the people, the production and operation of enterprises and the government is increasing with time. What suggestions does IRU have for this and what measures have been taken?
A：道路運(yùn)輸是交通運(yùn)輸?shù)闹匾M成部分，具有對(duì)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施依賴較小、機(jī)動(dòng)靈活、可實(shí)現(xiàn)“門(mén)到門(mén)”運(yùn)輸?shù)葍?yōu)勢(shì)和特點(diǎn)。疫情之下，中國(guó)外貿(mào)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上下游企業(yè)面臨供應(yīng)鏈和物流等不確定因素增多，為保障國(guó)際供應(yīng)鏈暢通運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，跨境道路運(yùn)輸方式可以作為企業(yè)在其他運(yùn)輸方式因疫情受阻時(shí)的一個(gè)新選擇，承接其他運(yùn)輸方式的轉(zhuǎn)移貨源。
近年來(lái)，IRU與中國(guó)政府和業(yè)界同仁不懈努力，持續(xù)推動(dòng)《TIR公約》落地實(shí)施和中國(guó)跨境道路運(yùn)輸發(fā)展。截止目前，中國(guó)已與27個(gè)國(guó)家打通TIR 跨境公路運(yùn)輸通道，7000公里以上的跨境公路貨運(yùn)時(shí)效縮短至兩周左右。聯(lián)通中國(guó)與中亞五國(guó)、蒙古、俄羅斯、高加索地區(qū)直至歐洲的國(guó)際公路運(yùn)輸線路逐步豐富，運(yùn)力相對(duì)成熟，綜合優(yōu)勢(shì)不斷顯現(xiàn)，與海運(yùn)、空運(yùn)、鐵路運(yùn)輸形成優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)的“中歐物流新通道”已初步形成。
從全球?qū)用鎭?lái)說(shuō)，IRU剛剛發(fā)布了一系列建議與措施，幫助行業(yè)和企業(yè)渡過(guò)疫情影響及疫情后恢復(fù)。
Road transport is a vital part of the transport sector and has numerous advantages such as less dependence on hard infrastructure, flexibility in terms of route and the ability to offer a door-to-door service. During the COVID-19 pandemic, China like other countries around the world has faced increased supply chain and logistics difficulties. In order to ensure the smooth operation of the international supply chain, cross-border TIR road transports can be used as a new option for companies when other transport methods remain blocked under the pandemic restriction measures.
In recent years, IRU has made great efforts with the Chinese government and colleagues in the industry to promote the implementation of the TIR Convention and the development of China's cross-border road transport. As of today, China has opened TIR road transport corridors with 27 countries, reducing the delivery time for cross-border road freight transports over 7,000 kilometers to about two weeks. The international road transport routes connecting China, Central Asia, Mongolia, and Russia to Europe have been strengthened. They form a new China-Europe logistics channel that competes well the advantages of maritime, air and rail transport.
On a global level, we have last week issued a series of recommendations to ensure the survival of transport operators, during and post Covid-19.
Q6:疫情之下，對(duì)很多行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)既是挑戰(zhàn)也是機(jī)遇，請(qǐng)你預(yù)測(cè)疫情后TIR國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。
How to predict the development of TIR international road transportation after the epidemic?
A：跨境公路運(yùn)輸為疫情期間的國(guó)際供應(yīng)鏈提供了有力支撐。隨著部分國(guó)家逐步度過(guò)疫情高峰期，進(jìn)入經(jīng)濟(jì)重啟階段，TIR運(yùn)輸將隨著國(guó)際貿(mào)易的復(fù)蘇而逐步重回正常軌道。
目前中國(guó)的疫情已得到有效控制，TIR國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸正積極助力中國(guó)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。我們將加大TIR國(guó)際公路運(yùn)輸在國(guó)內(nèi)的宣傳力度，加深市場(chǎng)對(duì)于跨境公路運(yùn)輸方式以及《TIR公約》的理解和認(rèn)知，促進(jìn)疫情后國(guó)際道路運(yùn)輸供應(yīng)鏈通暢，推動(dòng)中國(guó)跨境運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)業(yè)持續(xù)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。
Cross-border road transports are vital to keeping international supply chains running during the COVID-19 pandemic. As countries gradually pass the peak of infection and look to restart their economies, TIR will play a key role in national as well as global economic recovery efforts.
The immediately required step is to use eTIR, to reduce the paper flow and digitalise all procedures. All countries of Central Asia, TUR, IRN, AZE and others are being actively preparing for this step. With TIR IT tools implemented in China, China can pioneer the use of eTIR on the BRI routes.
In China, the pandemic has been effectively controlled and TIR transports are actively helping Chinese industry to resume production. IRU intends to continue to raise awareness of the benefits and importance of TIR transports to ensuring the smooth functioning of international road transport supply chains in the country and beyond.
Q7：能不能簡(jiǎn)要介紹一下您目前所在國(guó)家疫情防控的情況？
Can you briefly introduce the current situation of epidemic prevention and control in your country?
A：IRU總部位于瑞士日內(nèi)瓦。瑞士疫情形勢(shì)目前總體在向好的方向發(fā)展，已經(jīng)進(jìn)入放寬防疫措施的第一階段。具體到跨境道路防控措施，目前瑞士跨境陸路客運(yùn)部分受限，而國(guó)際貨運(yùn)未受影響，一些邊境口岸還開(kāi)通了貨運(yùn)綠色通道，以保障必需品及醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品的運(yùn)送。
在此期間，中國(guó)政府和人民為瑞士及各國(guó)抗擊疫情貢獻(xiàn)的力量，我為此深表感謝。新冠肺炎疫情是一場(chǎng)全球性的危機(jī)，需要協(xié)調(diào)一致的解決方案，我們攜手努力，必將共克時(shí)艱！
IRU has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The COVID-19 situation in Switzerland has been moving in a positive direction and the Swiss authorities have started to relax the national epidemic prevention measures. In terms of cross-border road restrictions, international road transport has not been affected in the country and green lanes have been opened to ensure the delivery of essential and medical products at key border crossing points. Cross-border road passenger transport in Switzerland however remains partially restricted.
During this period, the Chinese government and its people have contributed to the efforts made by Switzerland, as well as other countries across the world, to combat the pandemic.
COVID-19 requires us all to work in a coordinated and consistent way. Only by working together will we succeed.
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